*
Discover the Wonders of Cherokee, the billboard read, & another hand-painted sign, roadside: Have your photo taken with Dragging Canoe— Fierce Warrior, Bear Tamer. We posed in front of a yellow sheetmetal teepee. I was six. I grinned sheepishly beneath an oversized baseball cap, his left hand on my shoulder, the right pressing a hatchet flat against his chest. A faded headdress swung down his back, & he squinted, staring past the camera, past the souvenir stands, the miniature golf courses & bingo parlors, past the pit to our left where the gods clucked & the bears bellowed beneath sporadic showers of sugar & grease. In that moment, when the flash flared, when the camera cradled us in its plastic eye before blinking us back— [my striped tube socks drawn to my knees; his belly bulging, a brown moon, & a pack of Marlboros snug in the elastic band of the shorts he wore beneath deerskin pants] in that moment, even then, the bears’ teeth were rotting, their brittle claws were splintering on the hot cement; their muzzles were grizzling, the whites of their eyes pooled with bilirubin; blood was seeping from their gums, their lungs funneled phlegm; globules of blubber multiplied, orbiting their livers, sheathing their hearts, buttery nuggets sucking the sheen out of their glossy coats.*
I held the Polaroid— I held a stuffed bear— I held a yellow mug full of Mamaw Mulligan’s World Famous Fudge— I ate the fudge & then the mug held seven plastic arrowheads & a penny— I held the penny— [I placed it, carefully, on the silver tongue & fed it to the machine. The gears turned on their greased axles. Each tooth met its mate.] I held my mother’s hand— [The machine whirred. It was magic, or progress, & my father kept saying, Would you look at that? Would you just look at that?] I held the penny, transformed, polished & oblong, stamped with a family of bears— I held cotton candy & rock candy— [My fingers were sugar. I wanted to touch the bears’ pink lips.] I held a leather belt, my name stitched in miniature turquoise beads— [Someone could spell me. I existed.] I held the village floating in a glass globe— [It was quiet. It was empty & filling with snow.] I held the Polaroid— [Until the teepee melted & the boy’s face sloshed like milk from beneath his cap.]*
Being’s a vagabond— It shows itself in its absence— It steps out into the snow billowing over the Long Island of the Holston, the snow tracing its thousand shapes, spiraling, drifting into the ancient branches of the pines that separate them & sweep them clean. It coughs & curls up next to the river clogged with ice. It slips into gaudy costumes to stay warm & walks the streets, rinsed in benzene, muttering abstractions. . . To become something you can’t touch, a curiosity, something theatrical, not quite bear, not quite man, parading in circles around the abandoned cul-de-sac of history, as the ice cries out beneath your steps like fingerbones, as the branches snicker together & the bayonet blades point the way deeper into what’s already sunk in winter: toy animals & toy tomahawks asleep, floating in the dark that blots the shop windows, the snow like famine touching the casino’s stained awning, touching the eyelashes of those who lost, touching the chainlink mouths & the dim half-forgotten meals spilling from a dumpster. . . To be nobody. To be a whole clan or nation. To be, in the end, both at once.*
If you heard crying on the wind, it wasn’t me but the warrior in the men’s room stall, his moccasins framed in the sour rectangle of light beneath the door. How far did I follow him with my penny in my fist, watching him wind through the crowd, his shoulders heaving? How far did I follow him? Past the artificial waterfalls & ramshackle motels blistering with bright paint? Past the casino like a ship of glass marooned in the mountains? He shed his feathers, his deerskin pants. He chucked his hatchet into the kudzu. He walked the shoulder of the road like a tightrope, into the long-leaf pines, where the pearly scent of wild onions floats above the river & clings to the locust-light, to a basket of black hair swimming with silt.*
(The Chiefs Remember) They shuffled words— They shuffled cups, bottomless cups— [Rum roiled like a gluttonous river.] They shuffled time— [Day swung from their gold chains. Night was swaddled in their wool pockets.] They shuffled us— [We were marked cards smuggled up their sleeves.] They shuffled their faces— [One touched his moustache & laughed. Darkness fluttered out of his pocket like a moth. It flit on the tip of a candle flame.] They shuffled the treaty of a treaty of a treaty— [Birds darted into their secret rooms. Trees shuddered & turned white.] They shuffled Xs— [We were Xs. We were blown musketsmoke.] They shuffled him— [But he was young. He rose & stomped the ground. His anger was a furious wind dismantling the dark.] They shuffled smiles— [They put on their hats & strolled off into the forest, into their forest. They forgot it all & emptied into streets, strolled past leather shops & candy shops, past the casino.] They shuffled his breath— [He was chainsmoking at the slots, a cup of quarters cradled between his knees. Each time he pulled the lever he held his breath, waiting for what hung in the air behind it to come clattering down.] They shuffled his flesh— [There was so much of him now, it spilled over the waistband of his sweatpants. How did we know him? He wore a softball jersey with his name silk-screened on the back.] They shuffled their feet over sidewalks— [There were too many to count. They clucked. Their faces were featureless. A young one said, Where are all the Indians? The father said, Look, & pointed. Two bears were standing on their heads in a dumpster.] They shuffled the wind— [There was no wind, only silence buried in the putty his body had become. Only feathers of sweat fanning from beneath his arms.] They shuffled us— [We were so far away. We were falling through his breath.] They shuffled beauty— [He uncrumpled a twenty & Andrew Jackson glared back. Smug & regal, latern-jawed, a bit bemused. His hair swept back off his forehead. Like waves of fire. Like a fashion model’s.]*
Bear touched back to salt— Bear on the wind— Bear beneath the river in the shoal-swirl & turtle-oar— Coughing Bear suffocating at the end of summer, when the trees fold their green tents & the hides are stretched, hung up dripping— Bear of Polymer— Bear of the Gone Gall-Bladder & the Halo of Flies— Bear of Sugar, eating its own lips— Bear of Gunmetal & Glue— Bear of Air Bear of the Ten Tongues bellowing in the air, tangled in a rope ladder, swaying in the middle of the pit, a palsied pendulum, a hiccup in the sky, the cement twenty feet below, a jar of peanut butter ten feet above, tied to the clapper of a bell— Come down to me Bear of Memory, Bear of Hurt, carry me crying into the cattails where they’ve slept, untouched, for thousands of nights. Come down to me, with your warm hug & your fur I could bury my face in, a pelt of sleep, an old suitcase of smells— something I could curl into, & pull the lid down, my cheeks burning. . .*
So long Old Hickory, you sharp-knifed son-of-a-bitch, Dragging Canoe thinks, descending deeper into the ravine behind his breath, through a neon mist, through tear gas & acid rain gnawing at the edges of the mountain ridges as he poses with one child, then another, cataleptic, the visions unspooling beyond it all spun by the carousel of buzzards above the dry pines, above the mock-mock-mock of a bayonet dragged across the stockade slats, where a woman kneels to pick corn kernels from the dirt, her baby slung snug against her, its cries splitting her breasts against the rhythm of the blade she’d like to drive through the soldier’s chest, although he means nothing by it, is just a kid, is just in love with himself & bored of standing guard, of watching the wide swaths of smoke rise over the mountains, carrying the houses & barns & fields on fire, carrying the offices of The Phoenix burning down— So long ghost-hand, he thinks, as it flutters, as it fans behind his eyes, the blankets stacked like cards, the sick Queen in the hole, small pox, whooping cough, dysentery, tongues swollen, lips pocked with ulcers. Just last week, a grandmother with a little tatter of Kleenex in her fist, touched his elbow, called him Dear, asked if he spoke English, & he imagined, for a moment, how easily her blue hair, her waxy skin would peel back from her skull, even with his rubber hatchet, even not knowing the technique, how to hold the bloody thing up to the sun or what scream might make the gods human again, their knees gone wobbly, their hearts jostling in their stomachs as they run— But it’s too late, he knows. History’s the gash the bootheel left, the gash language leaked out of, so that now, when the teenagers beneath the billboard pass the pipe [the chemical ember winking in the glass bowl like a cooling star], they pass it in silence, always to the right in order not to lose their place, pass it all through spring & into summer, season of exodus, the soldiers rising in the glacial light of dawn, yawning, scratching their chests, pissing on the campfires to douse the dying coals— So long wind, so long crows, he thinks, as trees buckle, as roads muscle up through dynamite grooves, the Palace of Burgers & the Palace of Cards strung on a dull constellation of rivets, trailers shimmed with cinderblocks above a current of shale, whole families of bears trampling out of rhododendrons to stand roadside, backing the traffic up, swaying back & forth a bit, their forepaws raised for balance, their pink tongues licking their lips. [The gods cluck & throw in six-packs of beer, melted motherboards, bloated road kill; they throw in milky condoms & rusted out carburetors; they throw in shells of televisions, bicycle handlebars, spent shotgun cartridges, cigarette butts & tattoo needles.] So long Dragging Canoe, he thinks, as he squints, or winces, each thing plummeting inside him when he places his hand on the shoulder of the boy & steps out of himself into his own gaze, into an abandoned camp to touch a muddy sandal & a newspaper crumpled on a pallet, to touch a clump of gray hair tangled in a brush, just before the flash flares & the bodies are slipped into the river like empty boats.*
I held the warrior, until the novelty wore off, the Polaroid stuffed in my back pocket where the colors crumbled & the details sweated out in a wet chemical paste. Now the boy is a streak of carmine, the teepee a sulfur smear along one edge, the warrior floating in the middle of the frame, a blue blur of static I lean over tonight & study. I want to stare at this mist until he’s whole again. I want to set him in motion for once, there, on the otherside, where a transistor radio bleats across the floodlit pit. He’s slipped out of his costume & out of his name, humming through his cigarette, swaying, sidestepping as he sweeps so his sweeping becomes a kind of dance. Flakes of dung & tufts of fur tread the air as he stomps, as he shuffles around the bears asleep on the cement, their tongues hanging half-out, their bodies twitching in dream & after-dream. He throws his back into it & lifts his left leg high & sets it down— & lifts his right leg high & sets it down— Blood ringing like bells through his swollen ankles, the bears jerking in time with his steps. . . Beyond the rock & iron rail, the town is burning down. He feels it coming apart, spreading in hot eddies beneath his skin: the casino going up in a breath of sparks & shattered glass, the billboard wavering on its tinder stilts, the scaffolding collapsing, de Soto breaking away on umbrellas of ash. But here, now, the air is clear & empty & holds them, man & bears, as the pit sinks to blackness beneath their shapes I trace. If I lean over the edge I can almost touch them. They are thin & light as snow now... Now they are nothing."Dragging Canoe…": Some of this poem’s imagery originates from my childhood memories of visiting the bear pits in Cherokee, North Carolina—homemade attractions created as a source of tourist income by members of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation. When "problem" black bears ventured down out of the mountains to raid dumpsters, they were often captured and placed in these pits for viewing. In 1775, at the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals, the Cherokee sold a huge portion of their land (what is now central Kentucky and north central Tennessee) to the Transylvania Land Company. Many believe that the presiding chiefs were coerced or manipulated with rum. At the final feast and signing of the treaty, Dragging Canoe, a Cherokee warrior, rose in angry protest, vowing to turn the land into a "dark and bloody ground." He formed the Chickamauga Confederacy—the first indigenous resistance movement—which consisted of Cherokees, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, Shawnees, freed Blacks and some 300 British Tories, and led attacks on white settlements in his old homeland for the next 17 years. In 1792, after dancing all night to celebrate an alliance with the Mississippi Choctaw, Dragging Canoe collapsed and died at the age of 54. In 1838, under President Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act, over 17,000 Cherokee were removed from their homes at gunpoint, put into stockades in holding camps with only the clothes on their backs, and then eventually marched on foot some 1,200 miles away to what is now Oklahoma. An estimated 4,000 Cherokee died on what’s known as The Trail of Tears.